The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match between the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.